BuzzFeed Wins Defamation Lawsuit Filed by Executive Named in Trump Dossier

https://www.nytimes.com/2018/12/19/business/media/buzzfeed-dossier-lawsuit-trump-steele-russia.html

In early 2017, shortly before President Trump’s inauguration, BuzzFeed decided to publish a 35-page dossier containing unverified reports of collusion between the Trump campaign and the Russian government. In response to this, Aleksej Gubarev, a Russian technology executive mentioned in the dossier, filed a defamation lawsuit against BuzzFeed. Gubarev claimed that BuzzFeed’s decision to publish a document that most other major media corporations resisted publishing was an extremely reckless act of journalism.

This past Wednesday, a federal judge in Miami ruled in favor of BuzzFeed. She cited BuzzFeed’s disclaimer that the dossier included “specific, unverified, and potentially unverifiable allegations” as a reason for not upholding the suit. In response to the ruling, Gubarev’s team stated that the ruling only implies that “BuzzFeed had a privilege to publish the information even if it was false.” In response to this, the editor-in-chief of BuzzFeed, Ben Smith stated that the judge “affirmed in her ruling a key principle underlying the First Amendment… that the public has a right to know about actions taken by its government… Moreover, its publication has contributed to the American people’s understanding of what is happening in their country and their government.” Following the ruling, Mr. Gubarev has decided to appeal.

1. How may have the Supreme Court case New York Times Co. v. Sullivan set precedent for this federal court case? Explain using the facts of the case when necessary.

2. Furthermore, how may have the Supreme Court case New York Times Co. v. United States set precedent for this federal court case? Explain using the facts of the case when necessary.

3. These are tumultuous times for the media. On one hand, we have President Trump who is raising panic about “fake news,” and on the other hand, we have people crying out about the government potentially infringing upon the First Amendment right of freedom of the press. Why may the media’s role as the Fourth Estate be more important than ever? Do you believe that BuzzFeed is fulfilling this role by publishing the dossier, or are they overstepping their bounds?

Yemen War: Ceasefire takes effect in Hudaydah after skirmishes

Yemen war: Ceasefire takes effect in Hudaydah after skirmishes

The war in Yemen has been raging since 2015, with an estimated 85,000 children dying from famine, and 14 million people at the brink of starvation. In addition, 22.2 million (75% of Yemen population) needs humanitarian support. The war in Yemen is apart of the larger Middle Eastern conflict of Saudi Arabia vs. Iran, with Yemen civilians stuck in the middle of this proxy war.

1. Do you think the United States will stop selling military arms to Saudi Arabia, like countries around the world has begun? If so, do you think they would've stopped because of the war in Yemen, or because of the death of Jamal Khashogg?

2. Do you think this ceasefire will last? Do you think peace is obtainable?

3.  If you were the U.S. President, how would you deal with this crisis?

William Barr nominated to replace Sessions as AG

https://www.nytimes.com/2018/12/07/us/politics/william-barr-attorney-general.html

Summary: After firing Jeff Sessions the day after the midterms, Trump has finally settled on someone to be his permanent replacement. William Barr is a 68 year old Lawyer who has long been entrenched in the republican establishment. He served as AG from 1991-1993 under the H.W. Bush administration. He will very likely breeze past the now 53 member majority in the senate and will be confirmed. However while he is qualified for the job, some of his statements of current events are very concerning for people who want to protect the integrity of the Mueller investigation. He has criticized Muller for hiring too many Democratic Prosecutors and Lawyers, stated he does not believe the Trump campaign conspired with the Russian government and has a broad view of executive power. Perhaps most concerning he has expressed support for a DOJ investigation into the Clinton uranium one deal, a baseless conspiracy theory that holds that Hillary Clinton accepted bribes in the form of donations to the Clinton Foundation in exchange for selling US uranium to Russians. These are statements are very concerning because they indicate Barr will not hold a line on some of Trump's worst and most dangerous impulses, prosecuting political rivals (which he unsuccessfully tried to do) and fire Robert Muller (which he also tried and failed at). All of these issues deal with things like executive power, Judicial independence and overall health of our democracy, which we have all studied in class.

Questions:

1- Do you think that trump chose Barr because he is considered by qualified by congress and unlikely to be a an embarrassment to the administration or is it because Barr may be willing to allow Trump to end the Mueller investigation? Both?

2- As Trump’s legal challenges grow larger and the public learns more every day, would an Anti-Mueller AG even be enough to save Trump from possible impeachment or a grand jury indictment?

3- Congressional republicans are caught in the tricky situation of (mostly) voicing support for Muller’s investigation but also refusing to take any action to try and reign in Trump's power to damage it. If Barr tries to limit the Muller investigation and Muller is still able to show criminal wrongdoing by the Trump campaign, how do you think history will view these congress members who were complicit in the efforts to stop an independent investigation?

The Politics of Climate Change

https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/its-time-to-look-at-the-political-science-behind-climate-change/2018/12/10/f1787070-fc96-11e8-862a-b6a6f3ce8199_story.html?noredirect=on&utm_term=.3b56fce2d582

Climate Change has become an increasingly prominent issue in the world. Temperatures are fluctuating beyond control and destroying habitats, ecosystems, and altering numerous environments. While many people acknowledge the issue, there haven't been significant enough strides to attempt to change the course of the future.

While it may seem like a sole environmental issue, politics are necessary to alter climate change. Politicians are hesitant to make any drastic legislation due to constituent views and the potentially high costs. There have been some attempts in legislation, but not many have been passed. Arizona's effort to require a minimum of energy to come from renewable sources was vastly voted against even though the majority of voters were Democrats, a political party that has accepted climate change. In California, there was a measure passed a 12 cent-per-gallon tax. However, it was presented as a way to benefit the highways, not the environment.

Another main reason why there hasn't been action against climate change is the rhetoric by the president and others that it isn't a real issue.  Many have the misconception that it isn't as bad as it really is, but in reality, at the rate we are going with pollution and energy expenditure our planet is in grave danger. In order to not have to deal with it now, the administration has taken the denial route and it will have serious implications in the future.

Why are politicians hesitant to create any legislation to solve this huge problem?

How long until there is large political action for climate change? Are politicians being influenced more from personal views or their constituents?

Are people being influenced by their President explicitly stated that Climate Change isn't real? Is this a big reason for people being against any legislation or is it from other factors?

'Dirty Deeds': Ex-Trump Lawyer Cohen Gets 3 Years in Prison

https://www.usnews.com/news/politics/articles/2018-12-12/ex-trump-lawyer-michael-cohen-faces-possible-jail-sentence

Summary:
The article explains the sentencing of Michael Cohen, Trump's previous lawyer. He was sentenced for 3 years for evading taxes, lying about Trump's involvement with Russia, and violating campaign finance laws in regards to paying off some of Trump's previous sexual partners, including Stormy Daniels. Cohen is allegedly fully cooperating, and Trump is denying that this reflects bad on him in any way, whatsoever. Trump has continually bad-mouthed Cohen and deemed his own involvement in the issue a "witch hunt." The article is concluded by revealing the reasoning of the judge: he gave credit to Cohen for cooperating, but still assured everyone that he deserves "everyday of the 36 month sentence."

Questions:

• Can Trump pardon Cohen? What would be the implications of this? Do YOU believe he will do it?
• How does Cohen’s sentencing affect the momentum for Trump’s impeachment… if at all? Respond in the form of a claim and BRIEFLY support it with evidence.
• Recently we’ve been learning about the judiciary. In what kind of court was Cohen trialed in? If Cohen is the defendant, who is the plaintiff?

Senate Resolution To War In Yemen

https://www.vox.com/2018/12/13/18139585/senate-yemen-saudi-arabia-resolution-khashoggi

December 13, 2018 - The Senate has passed a resolution to the war in Yemen that will supposedly progress towards ending this war in Yemen at a quicker pace. The discussion pertaining to this resolution had failed previously in the Senate but in light of recent events of the murder of Jamal Khashoggi, as well as long-time dissatisfaction about the progress being made in Yemen, the Senate led by Bernie Sanders, Mike Lee, and Chris Murphy passed a resolution to stop US involvement in Yemen. The resolution proposed was bipartisan and passed in the Senate 56 to 41. However, president Trump doesn't appear to agree with this resolution, and it seems to clash with his initial plan of moving US troops closer to Saudi Arabia. While the president isn't too happy with these decisions, Congress wants to expedite getting the troops out of Yemen.

1. How significant was the death of Jamal Khashoggi to the decision of this resolution?


2. How does the War Powers Act complicate the dynamic between Congress and the President? How does either side benefit? Why?

3. What power does President Trump have over this legislation?

Trump’s Options Regarding the Mueller Investigation

It has long been discussed how Trump could end the ongoing Mueller investigation into whether the
president’s campaign colluded with Russian efforts to intervene in the 2016 election. It is highly
unlikely that Trump will be indicted by Mueller, since the Department of Justice has long held that
sitting presidents are immune to criminal indictment. However, as the Mueller investigation develops,
it becomes increasingly plausible that one of Trump’s actions will be deemed an impeachable offense.
Only congress has the power to prosecute Trump, and with the recent sentence of Michael Cohen to
three years in jail for election crimes, new avenues have opened for further actions against Trump.

Considering the possible implications of the Mueller investigation on Trump’s presidency: what are his
options? Trump could order Matthew G. Whitaker, the acting attorney general, to fire Robert Mueller,
or replace him with someone who would. Furthermore, Trump could order the attorney general to
re-frame the mandate of the investigation, limit its budget, and even bury the report once it lands.
However, doing so would no doubt result in a tremendous increase in disapproval rates and almost
certainly start the impeachment process. Moreover, it would require more than that to halt the
investigation.
“You’d almost have to fire everyone in the FBI and the Justice Department to derail the relevant
investigations,” said former FBI director, James B. Comey. So, it seems unlikely that Trump will
intervene. Not only would it likely destroy any hope for a reelection, it could mean that he wouldn’t
even make it to the end of his first term. In the end, guilty or not, Trump is forced to watch this
investigation play out.

1. If an attempt to impeach Trump by House Democrats failed, which party would stand to lose more?
2. What is your opinion on the president’s criminal immunity? (Should the president be burdened by criminal
   investigations while leading the nation, or is the current impeachment system fine and the president should remain above the law?)
3. What effect has the Mueller investigation had on the electorate? How might this change, and how significant will the change be, if Trump actively works against the investigation?
   

The Supreme Court's Refusal to Hear Planned Parenthood Cases

Following the unexpected death of Justice Scalia and retirement of Justice Kennedy, the Supreme Court saw a swing to the right with the additions of Justice Gorsuch and Justice Kavanaugh. Both Gorsuch and Kavanaugh are expected to be strong conservatives. According to fiverthirtyeight, Gorsuch is expected to be slightly more conservative than Justice Alito, making him as far right as Ginsburg and Sotomayor are left. Kavanaugh, on the other hand, is expected to be the second most conservative just slightly behind Justice Thomas, making him a very strong conservative. Because of this the socially liberal, especially pro choice groups, are worried that this new bench may overturn key decisions such as in Roe v Wade despite Kavanaugh claiming he "understands the importance of the precedent".

On Monday the 10th the Supreme Court declined to hear two cases related to Planned Parenthood. It was determined in appeals courts states may not revoke medicaid funding to certain programs for reasons other than healthcare quality and competence. It also determined that patients on Medicaid would be able to sue for termination of programs. Refusing to hear the cases essentially confirmed these decisions and is viewed as a win for Planned Parenthood and its supporters, and a shock for many. On a bench with five conservative judges in Roberts, Alito, Gorsuch, Kavanaugh, and Thomas, it should have been easy for the Supreme Court to get the rule of four necessary for a writ of certiorari. However, in a twist Kavanaugh and Roberts voted no and only three yes votes were passed by Alito, Gorsuch, and Thomas.

The decision to vote no by Kavanaugh and Roberts are being questioned constantly. Some claim they voted no simply to keep a low profile after Kavanaugh's messy hearing, while some believe that it is a sign that Kavanaugh is not as conservative as he seemed. Justice Thomas publicly criticized and questioned the decision to not hear the case by Justice Kavanaugh and Roberts. In his dissent, Thomas asked "What explains the court’s refusal to do its job here? I suspect it has something to do with the fact that some respondents in these cases are named ‘Planned Parenthood.’” 

Questions:
1. Why do you think Kavanaugh and Roberts voted against hearing it? Was it purely political, or was their vote genuine?
2. Is this truly a win for Planned Parenthood and a sign of the future, or are they doomed in the near future anyway due to this conservative Supreme Court Bench?
3. What do you think about the decision not to hear this case? Was it the right call?

https://www.nytimes.com/2018/12/10/us/politics/planned-parenthood-supreme-court.html
https://fivethirtyeight.com/features/how-conservative-is-brett-kavanaugh/

The Supreme Court of the US picks up a new case, Gamble v. US

https://www.theatlantic.com/ideas/archive/2018/12/gamble-v-united-states-case-double-jeopardy/577342/

WASHINGTON DC, December 10 - The United States Supreme Court accepted to hear a new case, Gamble v. United States. Terrence Gamble is a convicted felon in Alabama. He was pulled over because of a broken taillight. Once the police officer sensed there was marijuana in the car, he had a reason to get in and search Gamble’s car legally. The officer was able to find a firearm, meaning that Gamble broke both Alabama state law and US federal law. Both the federal and state law prohibits any convicted felon from possessing a firearm. This meant that Gamble was subjected to the conviction of two separate sovereigns, the US and the state of Alabama. Typically, Gamble would be protected by the Double Jeopardy Clause in the 5th Amendment which bars a second prosecution for the same offense. Although, in a precedent made by the Supreme Court Case Abbate v. United States, there is an exception to the double jeopardy rule; this execution lies in the case where the two prosecutors are “separate sovereigns” like the United States and Alabama. Therefore, if a decision were made in line with this precedent, Gamble would be tried for the same crime twice, both on the state and federal level. Luckily for him, however, it seems like the Court is willing to revisit the “separate sovereigns” exception. 

1. Should the Court overrule the “separate sovereigns” exception to the Double Jeopardy Clause of the 5th Amendment?

2. In what cases has the “separate sovereigns” rule benefitted the outcome of a trial?

3. The outcome of this case may have a direct implication on how Trump is prosecuted, if he ever is, by both state and federal parties. Will this case morph into a political issue because of it?

Wisconsin Votes to Limit Power of New Governor

https://www.nytimes.com/2018/12/05/us/politics/wisconsin-governor-legal-challenge.html

https://www.npr.org/2018/12/05/673683966/wisconsin-lawmakers-vote-to-limit-powers-of-new-democratic-governor

With only a month remaining for Scott Walker, Wisconsin legislators have voted to limit the power given

to the governor. In November, a Democrat, Tony Evers, defeated the incumbent and Republican

candidate, Scott Walker for the position as governor. After being faced with the first Democratic Governor

in eight years, GOP lawmakers in the state worked overtime to try and push through new legislation

to restrict the governor’s power. They stayed overnight in a lame duck sessions passing a number of laws

creating an uproar of protests. Two years ago North Carolina did the same thing, and Democrats sued

causing uncertainty over who gets to exercise what power. It is not likely that Democrats in Wisconsin are

going to stay quiet either Many of these new laws were made with the purpose of keeping the new

governor from withdrawing GOP backed laws.

1. Do you believe that state legislators should be able to limit the power of governors?
2. Was it fair for these laws to be passed just because the new governor was a Democrat?
3. Do you think we will see this happening more often because of the widening divide between the two parties in our government?

Who will Take on Trump in 2020?

Only a month after the midterm elections, Democrats and
Republicans alike are curious as to who will take on Trump
in the 2020 presidential election. Though campaigning hasn’t
officially started yet, many high profile Democrats have taken
trips to Iowa, appeared on morning talk shows, and published
autobiographies among other indicators of a potential 2020
white house bid. A few of the front-runners include former
VP Joe Biden, CA Senator Kamala Harris, VT Senator Bernie
Sanders, MA Senator Elizabeth Warren, and Texas congressman
Beto O’Rourke, though the full list is likely to be much longer.
While many of the potential candidates haven’t even officially
announced that they plan to run, most of the front-runners have
taken many of the necessary steps to jump start a primary campaign.
Others however have either stated they are open to the option of a
White House bid or will decide on a run in the next few months. Many
polls predict Joe Biden is likely to rise above the ranks in the primaries,
as he is not only popular among white working class voters (a demographic
that voted for Trump in 2016), but his campaign would likely build a massive
war chest from big-name donors who supported Obama in his presidential
elections. Biden is less popular amongst younger voters who would likely rally
behind Sanders or O’Rourke, candidates who swing further left than Biden. As
speculation will grow around who will receive the Democratic nomination, the
question for the Democratic party this upcoming year will be: do Democrats
want to run an electable candidate with a lot of experience, or a popular
candidate who can rally the party around him/her in hopes to beat Trump in
the general?

https://fivethirtyeight.com/features/whos-behaving-like-a-2020-presidential-candidate/

Which Republicans will attempt to take on Trump in 2020?

Which candidate(s) would you choose to attempt a Trump defeat with in 2020 and why?

Trump's Actions at G20 displays a diversion from leadership

https://www.cnn.com/2018/12/02/opinions/trump-g20-american-exceptionalism-andelman/index.html
At this year's G20 summit, it is clear that America, under the Trump administration, has focused more on its ideas of personal freedom/benefits, rather than displaying leadership that past administrations have done at the summit. During the two days of the summit, most of Trump's meetings were canceled or avoided. However, at the summit, the Trump administration was able to explain their actions such as withdrawing from the Paris Agreement, decision to pull out of NAFTA etc. Furthermore, at the summit, Trump and China's Xi were able to talk it out, extending the implementation of tariffs for 3 months.

Questions:
1. Do you think the Trump administration made the right move to cancel or avoid Trump's meetings with other world leaders?

2. Does America's loss in its role of leadership in this summit foreshadow a potential loss of influence towards other countries?

3. Do you think that America will ever assume a leadership role again? Will America continue to act solely for themselves?

U.S.-China Trade Truce Gives Both Sides Political Breathing Room

https://www.nytimes.com/2018/12/02/business/trade-truce-china-us.html

President Trump and President Xi Jinping of China have put a pause to the current trade war between the U.S. and China. This agreement does little to actually resolve the differences between the two countries and is rather meant to create some political breathing room for the two Presidents. The trade war has negative impacts on both the U.S. and China as we see both economies beginning to show more weaknesses. This agreement doesn't reverse the tariffs on $250 billion in Chinese goods but only prevents the tariffs from being increased. The existing tariffs are unlikely to be removed until China has "kept its promises of wholesale structural changes." The current point of conflict is the automobile industry where the Chinese are planning to enter the American market. President Trump's stance on this issue is focused on preventing heavy job losses in the automobile industry.

1. Do you think this is a step towards repairing the relationship between the two countries or is it just a pause on the conflict?

2. Will the 90 days of trade talks result in any change being made in either country?

3. Is the American economy being protected by these tariffs or are these tariffs weakening it?

CNN’s Jim Acosta Returns to the White House After Judge’s Ruling

https://www.nytimes.com/2018/11/16/business/media/cnn-acosta-trump.html?action=click&module=Top+Stories&pgtype=Homepage

CNN filed a lawsuit against the president and members of his administration when Jim Acosta, a reporter from CNN, was stripped of his press badge shortly after last week's post-midterms press conference. On Friday, Judge Timothy J. Kelly ordered the Trump administration to restore Acosta's press credentials for violation of his right to a fair and transparent process. However, Judge Kelly did not rule that the First Amendment was violated nor did he rule whether Acosta's rude behavior was right or wrong. The ruling simply stated the president can not revoke Acosta's credentials without due process ("a statement of what he did wrong, an opportunity to respond, a final decision"). As a result of Acosta's victory in court, President Trump has announced that the White House will tighten its rules and processes for reporter conduct in order to ensure orderly press conferences and decorum in the White House. CNN vs. President Trump explicitly demonstrates the dynamic between the press and the president. 

1. "During the hearing, Judge Kelly appeared to agree with the argument put forth by the administration’s lawyers that the First Amendment did not guarantee a right to enter the White House campus." In addition, press conferences are by invitation. Is getting a press pass a privilege or a right? Is the CNN vs. President Trump case truly an issue of the First Amendment (free press)? Why or why not? 

2. Acosta's press pass was removed because of his aggressive behavior and for inappropriately touching a White House intern during the press conference. Do you think the choice to remove Acosta's press credentials was justified? If an individual is dangerous/disruptive during a press conference, should the White House be able to remove the person from the premise without due process? 

3. How does the media shape the public's views of the presidency? What evidence has or has not shown that the news media is intent on hurting President Trump's administration? To what extent should the president and his administration be able to hold secrets from the public/press? 

Gun Rights Advocates Lose Ground to Gun Control Proponents

https://www.cnbc.com/2018/11/09/gun-control-is-winning-issue-in-midterms-as-advocates-gain-in-house-defy-nra.html

After heavy discussion on the issue, gun control proponents obtained more seats in the House in the midterm election races while gun rights protagonists lost them. According to the House voting records tracked by the National Rifle Association (NRA), more than two dozen gun rights campaigners will not be returning to Congress. The new majority consists of gun control supporters and 17 of the newly elected House Democrats back stricter gun laws. Even with a decline in campaign spending by the NRA, campaign contributions to gun control supporting candidates surged. Giffords, the political action committee formed by former Arizona congresswoman Gabby Giffords spent nearly $5 million and Everytown for Gun Safety pledged $30 million to this year's election. Although the gun control movement is gaining momentum, the enactment of control on weapons or ammunition will continue to be a continuous uphill battle with a Republican-controlled Senate and a President who remains an ally to the NRA. Vowing for a range of actions to stem gun violence, Rep. Nancy Pelosi of California stated that "The American people deserve real action to end the daily epidemic of gun violence that is stealing the lives of our children on campuses, in places of worship and on our streets".

1) What do you think the NRA will do to counteract the momentum of gun control?

2) What actions do you think the new majority will pass that the old majority did not?

3) Do you think this will make a big impact to decrease the likelihood of future gun violence events?

Democrats take the House, Republicans keep the Senate

https://www.nytimes.com/2018/11/06/us/politics/election-day.html In the recent midterm elections, the Democrats have gained control of the House, while the Republicans have maintained control of the Senate. Partisanship in America is still clearly seen because the Democrats were able to take the seats from Republicans in districts that have educated voters. The Democratic win the House was not certain, but they were able to win key races in Iowa, Texas, Virginia, Kentucky, Florida, New York, and Illinois to gain the majority. Republicans were able to win the Senate in key races with Mike Braun in Indiana, Marsha Blackburn in Tennessee, Ted Cruz in Texas, Kevin Kramer in Tennessee, Jack Rosen in Nevada, and Josh Hawley in Missouri. This election has become historic because the candidates chosen have been the most diverse in US history. For example, Jared Polis was “the first openly gay man elected as governor,” Ilhan Omar and Rashida Tlaib were “the first Muslim women elected to Congress,” and Sharice Davids and Deb Haaland were “the first Native American women voted in to the House.” The biggest upset of the Congressional elections has been in Oklahoma, where “Kendra Horn, a Democrat, defeated the Republican incumbent Steve Russell in Oklahoma’s Fifth District [...] Republicans had held — until now — every congressional seat.” As Congress is the lawmaking institution of the US, it is important to recognize that elections are important in determining the possible changes that may occur in American society. 1. Do you believe that the shift in voting in the suburbs was in reaction to Trump or more so realignment?

2. Will centrists play a greater role in elections in the future, or will parties continue to grow and dominate the political landscape?

3. How do you believe the results of the midterms will impact Trump and the 2020 election?

Pittsburgh, pipe-bomber attacks halted mid-terms momentum says Trump

https://www.pbs.org/weta/washingtonweek/blog-post/week-washington-week-tragedy-pittsburgh-and-countdown-midterm-elections

https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-46074189

http://time.com/5439021/pittsburgh-synagogue-shooting-mail-bombs-voters/

With less than a week until the midterm elections, Trump has tried to make immigration a key issue in order to boost Republican turnout. Yet, recent events have caused the President to mourn that “momentum [has] greatly slow[ed.  The] news [is] not talking [about] politics.” Specifically, in only the past couple of weeks, pipe bombs have been sent to various high-level Democratic figures, and eleven congregants were killed last Saturday in America's deadliest anti-semitic attack. These tragedies have reduced coverage of Trump’s recent illegal immigration policies, like sending troops to stop the caravan and proposing to end birthright citizenship, and they have sparked debate over whether coarser political rhetoric has contributed to this violence. However, it is unlikely that they will have any significant impact on the midterms. Recent polling does not show any significant shift away from the Republican party after these events. While there are tossups in individual elections, overall, the fundamentals of the midterms have remained stable. With the out-of-power party's typical advantage in first-term congressional elections, Democrats have been able to fundraise more than Republicans and publicize their main issues: health care and the economy. And, on the other side, Republicans have continued advocating their immigration policies and using their incumbency statuses to their advantage.

Connection: In congressional elections, incumbency status, political party, policy positions, and campaign spending are some of the most important aspects that citizens consider when deciding how to vote. Thus, it makes sense that recent events would have minimal impact on the polls, as congressional candidates have no connection to them.

1. Do you think these events will impact voters’ decisions or turnout?
2. Has increasingly coarse and impolite political rhetoric potentially contributed to this violence? Why or why not?
3. What are the most pressing topics/issues for this year’s midterms?

How Trump is Responding to the Migrant Caravan Situation

Background: https://www.nytimes.com/2018/10/26/world/americas/what-is-migrant-caravan-facts-history.html
Trumphttps://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/2018/10/25/donald-trump-migrant-caravan-asylum-restrictions-mexico-border/1769320002/


As of today, there are estimated 7,000 people traveling with the caravan (2300 of those are estimated to be children). This number is changing as people are dropping off due to illness or exhaustion, while others are joining as well. The caravan's big number attracts the attention of the Trump administration. The caravan consists of mostly Hondurans hoping to escape violence and poverty in their country, but other Central Americans have joined in smaller numbers as well. The people in the caravan are hoping to seek asylum. Initially, locals did not react positively to the caravan. As the migrants entered Mexico they were pushed back and tear gas was thrown. But now, as the migrants have advanced, they have been receiving more support, with residents preparing food and offering free rides. However, Trump does not have the same reaction. The Trump administration is looking for ways to "restrict or block outright [the caravan's] ability to enter the country" (Jackson). Options include sealing the border and "denying asylum applications based on the so called 'travel ban' of 2017" (Jackson). Trump has threatened to seal the border over Twitter. There is controversy over whether the travel ban is a legitimate exercise of executive power. Additionally, Trump is trying to use the caravan situation to his advantage in the midterm elections, hoping to energize the voters. It is said that if migrants do not have a legitimate reason to stay they will definitely be removed. These threats do not seem to deter migrants from leaving their country and journeying to the United States.

Do you think the Trump administration should seal the border? Why or why not?

There are arguments that the migrants could take refuge in Mexico, but they are still heading for the United States. This raises the question: What are there true motives? Are they just looking for refuge from the violence in their countries or is there another motive?

What do you think should be done to address this situation?

San Mateo County, California, Measure W, Roads and Transit Sales Tax (November 2018)

FOR: https://savesfbay.org/yes-on-san-mateo-county-measure-w-transit-and-transportation-improvement-sales-tax

AGAINST: https://www.smdailyjournal.com/opinion/editorials/editorial-no-on-measure-w/article_5219f670-d720-11e8-a84f-1b7809d5a2e7.html

IMPARTIAL: https://ballotpedia.org/San_Mateo_County,_California,_Measure_W,_Roads_and_Transit_Sales_Tax_(November_2018)

Measure W is a measure on the local ballot this November. This measure has raised questions about the allocations of funding to fix the issues of traffic congestion, road repair, and transit systems in San Mateo County. A yes vote on this measure would mean a vote in favor of implementing a 0.5% sales tax on all qualified retail transactions for 30 years beginning on July 1, 2019. This tax money would be used to fund road improvements on highways throughout the county, including 101 and 280, fund transit services (SamTrans, Caltrain, etc.), and to implement the San Mateo County Congestion Relief Plan. A no vote on this measure would mean voting against the sales tax. The measure on the ballot states that the implemented sales tax will provide “approximately $80 million annual that the State cannot take away”, meaning it will be regulated at the local level and therefore, theoretically, ensure that the money will reach our local level issues. However, citizens in San Mateo County are already paying state and federal level gas taxes, as well as recently increased bridge tolls, both of which are funds meant to be allocated to similar transit improvements. This measure proves to be controversial for San Mateo County voters: should there be a tax at the local level to fix local roads and programs, or should we rely on the already implemented state taxes. This issue stems from the overlapping responsibilities of the different levels of federalism.

1. Are California's roads and transit systems more likely to be repaired by the local, state, or federal government? Why?
2. Should the tax be implemented on all retail transactions, despite the fact that not everyone in the county uses the roads or services they’d be paying to fix?
3. Do you think the measure will pass? Why?